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The drivetrain consists of components that transfer power from the engine to the wheels, including the transmission, driveshafts, differentials, and axles. Below is a detailed explanation of the components involved in the drivetrain and the general steps for repair.

### Components of the Drivetrain

1. **Transmission**: The transmission is responsible for changing the gear ratios to optimize the engine’s power output. The Mini Cooper S typically has a six-speed manual or a six-speed automatic transmission.

2. **Driveshaft**: The driveshaft transmits torque from the transmission to the wheels. It is a long metal tube that connects the output of the transmission to the differential.

3. **Differential**: The differential allows the wheels to rotate at different speeds, especially when turning. It is usually located between the two rear wheels in the Mini Cooper S.

4. **Axles**: The axles connect the differential to the wheels, transferring power from the differential to the wheels.

5. **CV Joints (Constant Velocity Joints)**: These joints allow for the transfer of torque at a constant speed while accommodating the up-and-down motion of the suspension and the side-to-side motion during turns.

6. **Mounts and Bushings**: These components secure the transmission and other drivetrain parts to the vehicle frame while absorbing vibrations.

### Tools Required

– Socket and ratchet set
– Wrenches
– Screwdrivers
– Jack and Jack stands
– Torque wrench
– Pry bar
– Pliers
– transmission fluid
– Differential fluid (if needed)
– Replacement parts (if applicable)
– Engine hoist (if removing the transmission)

### General Steps for Drivetrain Repair

#### Step 1: Safety Precautions
– Park the Mini Cooper S on a flat surface and engage the parking brake.
– Disconnect the negative battery terminal to prevent electrical shorts.
– Wear appropriate safety gear, including Gloves and safety glasses.

#### Step 2: Lift the Vehicle
– Use a hydraulic Jack to lift the front or rear of the vehicle, depending on which part of the drivetrain you are working on.
– Secure the vehicle with Jack stands to prevent it from falling.

#### Step 3: Remove the Wheels (if necessary)
– If you are accessing the axles or differential, you may need to remove the wheels. Use a lug wrench to remove the lug nuts and then take off the wheels.

#### Step 4: Inspect the Drivetrain Components
– Check for signs of wear, damage, or leaks in the transmission, driveshaft, differential, and axles.
– Look for any play in the CV joints and check for torn boots.

#### Step 5: Repair or Replace Components
– **Transmission**: If you need to repair or replace the transmission, you may need to:
– Remove the driveshaft (unbolt it from both the transmission and the differential).
– Disconnect the shifter linkage and electrical connectors.
– Unbolt the transmission from the engine and carefully lower it using an engine hoist.
– Replace seals or gaskets if they are leaking, or replace the entire transmission if damaged.

– **Driveshaft**: If the driveshaft is damaged:
– Remove it by unbolting it from the transmission and differential.
– Replace with a new driveshaft or rebuild it if possible.

– **Differential**: If the differential is damaged:
– Remove the driveshaft and axles as needed.
– Unbolt the differential from its mounts.
– Replace with a new or refurbished differential.

– **Axles and CV Joints**: If you find damaged CV joints or axles:
– Remove the wheels and unbolt the axles from the differential and hub assembly.
– Replace the damaged parts and reassemble.

#### Step 6: Reassemble the Drivetrain
– reinstall all components in reverse order of removal.
– Ensure all bolts are torqued to manufacturer specifications using a torque wrench.
– Reconnect the driveshaft, transmission, and differential.

#### Step 7: Refill Fluids
– Refill the transmission and differential with the appropriate fluids.
– Check the levels of all fluids and top off as necessary.

#### Step 8: Test the Vehicle
– Reconnect the negative battery terminal.
– Start the vehicle and check for unusual noises or vibrations.
– Test drive the vehicle to ensure that the drivetrain repairs were successful.

### Conclusion
Drivetrain repair on a Mini Cooper S requires careful attention to detail and a solid understanding of automotive mechanics. Always consult the vehicle’s service manual for specific torque specifications and detailed instructions relevant to your model year. If you’re unsure about any step, consider consulting a professional mechanic to ensure the repair is done correctly and safely.
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